Study Guide Exam 2, my portion!

STUDY GUIDE-JONNY

Define and be able to recognize examples of metaphor, simile, antithesis, parallelism, repetition and alliteration. Look here for the technical definitions of each figure: American Rhetoric site, Rhetorical Figures in Sound. List of Figures of Speeches with definitions and examples

1.     Metaphor: Figure of explication occurring when a comparison made by speaking of one thing in terms of another; an implied comparison between two different things which share at least one attribute in common

2.     Simile: two things that share at least one attribute are explicitly associated with each other usually with the words “like” or “as”

3.     Antithesis: a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences.

Ex: "Serenity now; insanity later."

4.     Parallelism: a similarity in the syntactical structure of a set of words in successive phrases, clauses, sentences; successive words, phrases, clauses with the same or very similar grammatical structure

Ex: Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty."

5.     Repetition: you should know this…

6.     Alliteration: Figure of emphasis that occurs through the repetition of initial consonant letters

Ex: the grainy green grass was one of a kind.

Be able to recognize examples of the following figures of speech from the American Rhetoric site, Rhetorical Figures in Sound. You do not need to define the terms (on the exam), but you do need to match the term with the example. I will give you a quote (some taken from the links below illustrating each figure), you will match the correct name for these figures of speech with the quote in a multiple choice question. Know these from the website: Here are examples of all figures of speech and their definitions: List of Figures of Speeches with definitions and exampleshttp://www.americanrhetoric.com/rhetoricaldevicesinsound.htm
alliteration

·       Climax: words or phrases or sentences are arranged in order of increasing intensity or importance

·       "And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a merry Christmas, and God bless all of you, all of you on the good earth."

·       Hyperbole: eliberate exaggeration of a person, thing, quality, event to emphasize a point external to the object of exaggeration; intentional exaggeration for rhetorical effect.

·       "The Pharisees, therefore, said among themselves, 'Perceive ye how ye prevail nothing; behold the world has gone after him."

·       Metaphor: "Why this country is a shining city on a hill."

·       Allusion: Figure of explication using a brief or casual reference to a famous person, historical event, place, or work of art.

·       "And I can pledge our nation to a goal: When we see that wounded traveler on the road to Jericho, we will not pass to the other side."

·       Assonance: different words with the same or similar vowel sounds occur successively in words with different consonants

·       "The gloves didn't fit. If it doesn't fit, you must acquit."

·       Oxymoron: binds together TWO words that are ordinarily contradictory

·       Safe sex

·       Simile: "Henry was 18 when we met and I was queen of France. He came down from the north to Paris with a mind like Aristotle's and a form like mortal sin. We shattered the commandments on the spot."

·       Analogy: A kind of extended metaphor or long simile in which an explicit comparison is made between two things (events, ideas, people, etc.) for the purpose of furthering a line of reasoning or drawing an inference; a form of reasoning employing comparative or parallel cases.

·       "Remember this, ladies and gentlemen. It's an old phrase, basically anonymous -- that politicians are a lot like diapers: They should be changed frequently and for the same reason. Keep that in mind next time you vote. Good night."

·       Antithesis: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!"

Parallelism:

"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty."

·        

·       Rhetorical Question: asks a question, not for the purpose of further discussion, but to assert or deny an answer implicitly

·       Can anyone look at the record of this Administration and say, "Well done"?

·       Anaphora: repetition that occurs when the first word or set of words in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of successive sentences, clauses, or phrases

·       "That my heart has been troubled, that I have not sought this nomination, that I could not seek it in good conscience, that I would not seek it in honest self-appraisal, is not to say that I value it the less. Rather, it is that I revere the office of the Presidency of the United States."

·       Personification: the application of human attributes or abilities to nonhuman entities.

·       "Once again, the heart of America is heavy. The spirit of America weeps for a tragedy that denies the very meaning of our land."